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Astrocaryum murumuru
''Astrocaryum murumuru'' (Portuguese common name'' murumuru'') is a palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation in Brazil, which bears edible fruits. ''Murumuru'' butter, extracted from the seeds of the plant, may be used as a moisturizer.
The ''murumuru'' palm trees grow in Brazil and around the Amazon and are one of the dominant trees in this region. It has a thick trunk and a shuttlecock-shaped, bushy crown. The nutritious, edible fruits are an important local food source and materials made from the tree, fruit, and seed kernels are commercially significant to the region. Hammocks are made from the tree’s fibres. ''Murumuru'' butter is highly emollient and moisturizing. It is also film-forming and naturally glossy. These qualities make it very protective. It contains vitamins and has a high content of beneficial oleic acid. The oil from the seeds is traditionally used to soften and protect hair. ''Murumuru'' butter is the white to yellowish fat obtained from the seeds of the ''murumuru'' palm.
==Ecology==
The Murumuru palm (Astrocaryum murumuru) is abundant in the Brazilian Amazon, extending to the borders of Bolivia and Peru. It prefers to grow in periodically flooded areas, especially on islands and in lowlands along the rivers throughout the Amazon River estuary and its tributaries, in dense or semi-open forests.〔LORENZI, H. Árvores Brasileiras. Op. cit., 2002, p.368.〕
It is also frequently found in the lowlands of Marajo Island. The stem, leaves and fruit stalks are covered with hard, black spines that can reach over 20 cm in length, complicating fruit harvesting. When the fruit is ripe, the inflorescence (cluster of flowers) drops to the ground. The fruit contains a yellow flesh often consumed by rodents as food, which leave the seeds clean. The seed’s hard shell is only separable from the kernel when dry. In general, 100 kg of dry seeds (12%– 15% water) yields 27 kg to 29 kg of kernels, which must be further dried to prevent deterioration during storage. These kernels then yield 40% to 42% oil. A single Murumuru palm produces about 11 kg of dry seeds. Hydraulic extraction can produce 35% oil relative to the dry weight of the kernel, which is equivalent to about 3.8 liters of oil per Murumuru palm. The kernels must be ground with grinding discs before hydraulic extraction. A kilogram of fruit pulp contains approximately 50 seeds. Seed germination is moderate and growth in the field is slow. .〔MORAIS, L.: Banco de Dados Sobre Espécies Oleaginosas da Amazônia, não-publicado.〕〔PINTO, G.P. Características físico-químicas e outras informações sobre as principais oleaginosas do Brasil. Recife: Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Nordeste, Boletim Técnico 18, 1963.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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